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2026 L4M4 exam torrent L4M4 Study Guide [Q50-Q73]

2026 L4M4 exam torrent L4M4 Study Guide [Q50-Q73]

July 28, 2026 adminL4M4, CIPSL4M4 certification dump, L4M4 flexible testing engine, L4M4 latest braindumps book, L4M4 new dumps ppt, L4M4 reliable sourceLeave a Comment on 2026 L4M4 exam torrent L4M4 Study Guide [Q50-Q73]

2026 L4M4 exam torrent L4M4 Study Guide

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CIPS L4M4 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section Weight Objectives
Understand compliance issues when sourcing from suppliers 25% – Organisational policies and procedures

  • 1. Code of ethics and professional conduct
    • 2. Governance and accountability frameworks

      – Legislative and regulatory requirements

      • 1. Ethical standards and codes of conduct
        • 2. Labour laws, human rights and anti-corruption
          • 3. Environmental regulations and sustainability
            Understand ethical and responsible sourcing principles and practices 25% – Sustainable and responsible sourcing

            • 1. Social, environmental and economic impact
              • 2. Audit, monitoring and improvement
                • 3. Supplier development and collaboration

                  – Ethical frameworks and concepts

                  • 1. CIPS Code of Ethics
                    • 2. Fairness, integrity and accountability
                      • 3. Conflict of interest and transparency
                        Understand options for sourcing requirements from suppliers 25% – Tendering and selection processes

                        • 1. Open, restricted and negotiated procedures
                          • 2. Award criteria and evaluation methods

                            – Sourcing approaches and strategies

                            • 1. Insourcing, outsourcing and offshoring
                              • 2. Single, multiple and sole sourcing
                                • 3. Domestic vs international sourcing
                                  Understand key processes to analyse potential external suppliers 25% – Market analysis and intelligence

                                  • 1. Supplier capacity and capability assessment
                                    • 2. Collecting and interpreting market data

                                      – Supplier appraisal and evaluation

                                      • 1. Quality and performance standards
                                        • 2. Technical and operational capability
                                          • 3. Financial stability and risk assessment

                                             

                                            QUESTION 50
                                            GDP is an economic index that a procurement professional can use to measure economic data. What does GDP tell you?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            GDP = gross domestic product = “the monetary value of goods and services manufactured or sup-plied in a financial period”. People use it to say whether a country’s economy is strong or weak.
                                            Stock markets look at the value of public limited companies within a country.
                                            Commodity indices look at the value of commodities such as steel, oil and wheat at a point in time Average changes in price over a year can be measured by CPI or PPI

                                            QUESTION 51
                                            Which of the following should be considered when calculating ratios relating to a supplier’s liquidity?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             

                                            QUESTION 52
                                            A buyer has discovered their supplier has taken the passports of some of their workforce. The supplier has offered the buyer a discount against the contract, but the discount only applies if the buyer does not report this finding. Which ethical concerns should the buyer report to the necessary stakeholders?
                                            * Fraudulent activity
                                            * Bribery
                                            * Modern slavery
                                            * Breach of confidentiality

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            The withholding of passports is a potential indication of modern slavery, and the offer of a discount to avoid reporting this is a form of bribery. Reporting these ethical concerns aligns with responsiblesourcing practices and is critical for maintaining a supply chain free from human rights abuses.

                                            QUESTION 53
                                            What are the risks of outsourcing?
                                            * Loss of control of project
                                            * Loss of assets
                                            * Loss of future business opportunities
                                            * Loss of private information

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            Loss of control and loss of private information are significant risks in outsourcing. Responsible sourcing involves mitigating these risks by setting clear agreements, monitoring, and safeguarding sensitive information to maintain control over outsourced activities.

                                            QUESTION 54
                                            The Freedom of Information Act is a piece of UK legislation which allows members of the public to request information on issues such as public sector sourcing. When a request is made, it is compulsory for the public sector to provide this information to the public. Is this statement true?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            the correct answer is ‘no- the public sector can choose not to publish information if it is not deemed to be in the public interest’.
                                            They use something called the ‘public interest test’ to determine if the information should be re-leased or not.
                                            For example they may not respond to a request asking how many bullets the UK Army has in storage, as that would be detrimental to national security interests.
                                            Responses to requests are made within 21 days, not 28.

                                            QUESTION 55
                                            Sourcing can be tactical or strategic. Which of the following might be classified withinstrategic sourcing?
                                            * Stakeholder meetings to review product design modifications
                                            * Open tendering to provide new office chairs
                                            * Evaluating quotations for the latest accounting software
                                            * Regular stationery orders for the managing director’s office

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            Strategic sourcing focuses onlong-term value creation, alignment with organisational objectives, and cross- functional stakeholder involvement. Reviewing product design modifications with stakeholders directly influences cost, sustainability, quality, and supply risk over the product lifecycle. Similarly, evaluating quotations for major systems such as accounting software represents a high-value, long-term sourcing decision with strategic impact. In contrast, sourcing office chairs and routine stationery purchases are low- value, repetitive activities and are therefore classified as tactical sourcing. Ethical and responsible sourcing requires procurement professionals to prioritise strategic activities that affect long-term performance, risk management, and sustainability outcomes.
                                            Reference:CIPS L4M4 Ethical & Responsible Sourcing Study Guide (v2) – Tactical vs strategic sourcing; stakeholder engagement.

                                            QUESTION 56
                                            The procurement manager has supplier data: Current Assets = $300 (Stock $200, Debtors $60, Cash $40).
                                            Short-Term Liabilities = $150 (Bank overdraft). Which calculation gives the current ratio?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            The current ratio = Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities. Here, Current Assets = 300; Current Liabilities =
                                            150. Therefore, Current Ratio = 300 ÷ 150 = 2.0. This means the supplier has twice the assets available to cover short-term debts, indicating strong liquidity. The other options incorrectly subtract assets or liabilities, which is not the formula. Responsible sourcing emphasises interpreting ratios accurately: a ratio below 1 signals liquidity risks, while excessively high ratios may indicate inefficient asset utilisation.
                                            Reference: CIPS L4M4 Study Guide (v2), LO: “Application” – current ratio calculation and interpretation.

                                            QUESTION 57
                                            Mark is a category manager responsible for buying large pieces of laboratory equipment in the public (government) sector. Which of the following Incoterms would ensure that an overseas supplier is responsible for paying all delivery costs, including import duties and taxes for these goods?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) requires the supplier to cover all delivery costs, including import duties and taxes.
                                            This term ensures that the buyer receives the goods without additional charges, aligning with public sector procurement practices for cost-effective and transparent sourcing.

                                            QUESTION 58
                                            Greg is doing some research on a potential supplier and is concerned that the supplier’s funding is based on long-term debts and loans. Working with this supplier therefore might bring additional risks to Greg’s business. What should Greg do about his concerns?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            Greg needs to use a gearing ratio. Gearing is a measure of how the business is being funded and is based on the ratio of debt to equity Gearing comes up a lot in the exam. Also make sure you know what Return on Investment, Acid Test and EBITDA are.
                                            Return on Investment (ROI): How to Calculate It and What It Means (investopedia.com) EBITDA: Definition, Calculation Formulas, History, and Criticisms (investopedia.com) Acid-Test Ratio: Definition, Formula, and Example (investopedia.com)

                                            QUESTION 59
                                            Why is it specifically important for public sector organisations to use a competitive tendering process?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            Public sector organisations are required to demonstratevalue for money, transparency, and fairnessin the use of public funds. Competitive tendering ensures procurement decisions are objective, auditable, and based on pre-defined criteria. While competition and market access are benefits, the primary obligation is to ensure taxpayer money is spent responsibly and ethically. Competitive tendering reduces the risk of corruption, bias, and inefficiency, supporting accountability to stakeholders and the public. Ethical and responsible sourcing in the public sector is therefore closely linked to transparent procurement processes and regulatory compliance.
                                            Reference:CIPS L4M4 Ethical & Responsible Sourcing Study Guide (v2) – public sector procurement principles, transparency and value for money.

                                            QUESTION 60
                                            Henry is importing cheese from South East Asia into the UK. He is doing some research on the costs and risks of this and has discovered that the product may be considered of ‘non-preferential origin’. What implications would this mean for Henry?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            Items of ‘Non-Preferential Origin’ are subject to tariff quotas and other customs commercial regulations.
                                            ‘Preferential Origin’ goods have no duties or tariffs.
                                            The good news is CIPS have significantly simplified section 3.2 of the syllabus. The new study-guide is much lighter on names of documents and protocols for importing and quotas etc. The focus of this Learning Outcome has shifted more to Inco Terms so I would focus on that for revision, but do make sure you have a basic understanding of documents, law and jurisdiction.

                                            QUESTION 61
                                            Which of the following are procurement procedures permissible under EU Public Procurement rules? Select TWO that apply.

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            Under EU Public Procurement rules, the permissible procurement procedures include the Open Procedure and the Restricted Procedure. The Open Procedure allows any interested party to submit a tender, while the Restricted Procedure involves a two-stage process where only selected candidates are invited to submit tenders. These procedures are designed to ensure transparency, competition, and equal treatment in public procurement.
                                            Exact Extract from Study Guide:
                                            “The EU Public Procurement Directive outlines several procedures including Open Procedure and Restricted Procedure, which are designed to facilitate fair and transparent procurement processes.”

                                            QUESTION 62
                                            Curly Cake Incorporated makes lots of different types of confectionary items. Although they are most famous for their cakes, they also have a smaller line of cereal bars and biscuits. Which of the following would be the most appropriate items for Curly Cake Incorporated to outsource? Select TWO

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            Cleaning and Facilities Management are the most appropriate items to outsource. They would not outsource the making of confectionary products as this is the ‘core’ business.
                                            See p.4 for “what is outsourcing?”

                                            QUESTION 63
                                            Philip is a procurement manager at XYZ Company which imports raw materials from abroad. Sup-pliers provide quotes to Philip in their local currency. Is this the best way to reduce the risk to XYZ Company of currency fluctuations?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            The correct answer is ‘no- quoting in the supplier’s currency increases the risk for the buyer’. This questions comes up in a variety of formats in the exam. Remember; if the price is in your own currency (most examples in the exam are given in £) there is less risk than if the prices are quoted in a foreign currency. This is because exchange rates fluctuate; if the price is in £ you always know what you’re paying, if it’s in another currency the price can change daily depending on if the exchange rate compared to £ has gone up or down.

                                            QUESTION 64
                                            Bribery is considered an unethical business practice. What constitutes a bribe?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            A bribe is anything that is of value to the recipient. It’s commonly money, but could also be an item such as a car, or doing someone a favour such as hiring their son.

                                            QUESTION 65
                                            Pre-qualification of suppliers is used to determine if the suppliers meet the basic requirements of the buying organisation. Which of the following is assessed at the pre-qualification stage?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            The correct answer is financial stability (this is done by using all of those lovely ratios in chapter 1.3) and capacity and capability (which are part of Carter’s 10 Cs).
                                            At PQQ stage you’re looking purely at whether the supplier is good or bad (to put it simply). You don’t give them details of your requirement yet, so they’re not providing a quote / pricing structure / price schedule at this point in time. That would be at the next stage, IF they pass PQQ, when you issue the tender competition.

                                            QUESTION 66
                                            Which award criteria can be applied when sourcing requirements from external suppliers?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            Responsible award decisions should consider price and total life-cycle cost (TCO) to capture acquisition, operation, maintenance, and end-of-life costs, aligning with sustainability. Other items may inform due diligence but are not, by themselves, robust award criteria without being translated into measurable value and risk outcomes.
                                            Reference: CIPS L4M4 Study Guide (v2): LO “Implementation” – evaluation and award; TCO and sustainability in criteria setting.

                                            QUESTION 67
                                            A buyer has been tasked with placing an order for steel from another country and using Incoterms for the delivery. The buyer’s organisation has an in-house transportation and export clearance department. During negotiations, the buyer achieved a 25% cost reduction by accepting responsibility to arrange loading, transportation, and export clearance. Which Incoterm has been agreed?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            Under the EXW (Ex Works) Incoterm, the buyer assumes responsibility for transportation and export clearance from the seller’s premises. This term aligns with cost-saving measures and the buyer’s internal capabilities for logistics, supporting efficient and responsible sourcing.

                                            QUESTION 68
                                            Rules regulating the type of goods and the volume that can be imported into a country or trade block are commonly known as what?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            This is tariffs. Be careful not to confuse tariffs and duties;
                                            tariffs = rules and duties = payments.

                                            QUESTION 69
                                            What type of ratio is used to measure a company’s ability to meet its short-term financial obligations, specifically focusing on its ability to convert assets into cash to cover current liabilities?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            Liquidity ratios assess a company’s capacity to meet its short-term obligations using its most liquid assets.
                                            These ratios, such as the current ratio and quick ratio, provide insight into the financial health of a company by indicating whether it has sufficient resources to pay off its immediate liabilities without raising external capital.
                                            Exact Extract from Study Guide:
                                            “Liquidity ratios: # Typical ratios: current ratio, quick ratio, cash flow ratio, etc. # Formulae of those ratios # Implications of liquidity ratios

                                            QUESTION 70
                                            Faisal is a medical equipment maintenance services procurement specialist within a local hospital. Faisal is responsible for ensuring contracts are in place that will ensure operational continuity of high-value pieces such as radiology equipment. When carrying out tender opportunities for these services, Faisal will specify, as an essential requirement, that certain standards are adhered to. Which of the following is a benefit of incorporating standards as a requirement within a specification?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            Incorporating standards within specifications provides clear guidelines for suppliers, reducing ambiguity and helping ensure consistency in quality and performance. This aligns with ethical and responsible sourcing practices by promoting transparency and setting consistent expectations for suppliers.

                                            QUESTION 71
                                            Which of the following are key areas of regulations that govern organisations in responsible procurement and supply?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            Responsible procurement and supply are governed by several key regulatory areas to ensure ethical and fair practices. These include:
                                            * Ethical Practice:Ensures that organisations conduct business in a manner that is ethical and free from corruption.
                                            * Data Protection:Involves safeguarding personal and sensitive information, ensuring compliance with laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
                                            * Marketplace Competition:Ensures fair competition among businesses, preventing monopolies and promoting consumer choice.
                                            These areas are critical in maintaining integrity, trust, and compliance within procurement activities.
                                            Exact Extract from Study Guide:
                                            “Key areas of regulation that organisations must follow include data protection, ethical practice, health, safety and environment, worker rights, marketplace competition, and product safety standards.”

                                            QUESTION 72
                                            Single sourcing is only used by buyers where the total requirement is too small to justify splitting orders among more suppliers. Is this statement correct?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            Single sourcing can be appropriate when set-up costs are high, making it impractical to involve multiple suppliers. This aligns with responsible sourcing principles, particularly for high-value or specialised items, where relationship management and collaboration with one supplier can enhance quality and efficiency.

                                            QUESTION 73
                                            You have been asked to purchase 500 pens of a specific brand. You decided to use a weighted points system for assessment of proposals. Is this approach appropriate?

                                             
                                             
                                             
                                             
                                            For low-value, routine purchases where price is the primary consideration, employing a weighted points system may not be necessary. Such systems are more suitable for complex procurements where multiple factors, such as quality, delivery, and sustainability, need to be evaluated alongside price. In the case of purchasing standard items like pens, a straightforward price comparison is typically sufficient.
                                            Reference:
                                            CIPS Level 4 Diploma in Procurement and Supply, L4M4 Study Guide, Section 2.3.2: The use of weighted points systems for assessment

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